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Improving sustainability using controlled proportional pneumatics
Author : Steve Sands – Head of Marketing and Product Management, Festo GB
06 January 2023
Rising energy prices are pushing up the cost of process gases. This not only applies to compressed air, but also to inert gases, oxygen, and exotic gases. These gases are used for many everyday applications, such as food packaging and tyre inflation, as well as highly precise and technical applications in semiconductor production and scientific research.
Rising costs have a knock-on effect throughout the supply chain, because production of even the most basic foods, medicines and industrial components is dependent upon the cost of the gases they consume. For manufacturers to remain competitive, the case strengthens for carefully re-evaluating the technology used to control flow and pressures in order to use process gases more efficiently and sustainably.
Manual or electric?
Whether the application requires the flow or pressure to be controlled, the decision to use either manual or electric regulation is an important one. Manual pneumatic flow controls are simple, ‘fit and forget’, low-cost throttles. However, a poorly set air blast or cooling jet will often consume many times its initial cost in the air/gas that it wastes.
Manual pressure regulators are only a little more complicated, and again they require very little knowledge to set up and operate. Initial adjustment is often done by trial and error based on the setters’ experience; traditional gauging is often inadequate for precision setting. Once in operation, these devices are often adjusted in the field without considering the potential wastage or impact on output quality.
Electric regulating devices can be open or closed loop. In open-loop devices, the aim is to achieve a pneumatic output proportional to the current (I) or voltage (E) input – hence the terms I/P or E/P valves. Closed-loop devices utilise an additional internal or external sensor, comparing the required (set) point with the actual value, and dynamically adjusting the output.
Smarter proportional control
The initial cost of closed-loop proportional control devices is inevitably higher. Still, the return on investment can be significant and rapid in terms of saved running costs and increased machinery flexibility. Once a microprocessor is incorporated into a proportional flow or pressure valve, further features such as clear displays for set-up, operation, and fault-finding can be offered: all of which can contribute to improved sustainability and machine flexibility.
Communication via protocols such as I/O link enables the device to be tuned precisely to the application, accessing a host of parameters. Once the ideal settings are made, original equipment manufacturers can easily replicate these settings. The performance of the valve can be monitored and displayed locally or remotely. This set-up enables highly flexible production, adapting to different products on-the-fly. The latest products incorporate Bluetooth connectivity, providing even more options for set-up and diagnostics using standard smartphone devices.
Proportional regulating valves
Today we have a variety of technologies that we can select to internally operate a regulating valve, directly or via a booster. These include:
· pulse-width modulation (PWM), usually a combination of inlet and exhaust valves
· proportional electromagnetic coils
· piezo ceramic actuators
The application requirements always dictate the most appropriate technology choice, as well as special considerations such as performance (e.g. flow, pressure, static or dynamic), media (e.g. inert, corrosive, explosive), and environment (e.g. temperature, ATEX, laboratory or cleanroom, etc).
Each control technology has its inherent characteristics: price, precision, dynamics, power consumption, noise, ruggedness, reliability, service life, etc. The advice of a specialist such as Festo is a shortcut to understanding and selecting the most appropriate options.
Flow, pressure and now motion
Once you have precise, dynamic flow and pressure control, the world is open to pneumatic motion control. Building on their extensive experience and applications of servo pneumatics, Festo introduced the motion terminal, which enables the user to dynamically change the characteristics of the valves on the manifold to apply and combine variable forces to control flows and perform closed-loop positioning movements. The power of this combination through freely selectable apps with flexible hardware is an ideal combination for the Industry 4.0 era of flexible, communicating production.
For example, the "ECO drive" Motion App pares down the compressed air consumption caused by the safety factor and the actuator size by reducing the pressure in the actuator to the minimum required for the application movement. Experience has shown that energy savings of up to 50 percent are possible. Meanwhile, the “Leakage diagnostics” Motion App enables leaks to be detected without interrupting production – saving time and money. Leaks in the compressed air system can be detected and localised to specific actuators through diagnostic cycles. Predefined, precise threshold values thus allow preventive maintenance and mean that laborious troubleshooting in extended compressed air networks is no longer necessary.
Conclusion
Cost reduction continues to be a major driver for reducing consumption of process gases and compressed air. Fortunately, there are multiple technologies available today that can help manufacturers to achieve accurate proportional control in order to achieve more efficient, more sustainable consumption. Although some proportional control pneumatics have a higher capital cost, short payback periods mean that the return on investment is worthwhile and will improve competitiveness in the longer term.
For more on the topic of controlled pneumatics, watch the webinar on demand ‘Mastering controlled pneumatics to design more energy efficient flexible machines’ at www.festo.co.uk/cpwebinar.
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